Appropriate Future Strategy For A Given Organization Commerce Essay

Proper Future Strategy For A Given Organization Commerce Essay One of the principal things that you should do when you fire up another business is to make your business methodology. The system that you choose up will be fantastically significant for the eventual fate of your business since it will impact a large number of your future choices and shape the idea of your college business. It is, in this manner, its basic to set aside the effort to ensure that you pick the correct technique for you and your new business. Settling on the correct decision presently will influence the odds of your college business turning into a triumph. At the point when you pick your business methodology, you should ensure that it is unified with which you will feel good, yet you will likewise need to guarantee that your technique is perfect with the sort of business you need to run and the business in which you will be working. You have to pick the system that will be directly for your specific business. Your business methodology will be the general procedure that you use to shape and maintain your business. It might join various littler missions, plans or objectives that set out what you need to accomplish with your business. These may identify with your business center, the separation of your business from its rivals, or different components that will figure out what makes your business a triumph. A pioneer business is one that is making another item, or creating something new, and, which is in this manner dependent on development. In the event that you need to follow this sort of procedure, at that point you should keep making new items and offering new administrations in Leeds University, so you should ensure that you have the important assets for this sort of advancement. In the event that your business methodology will be to set up a business as an adherent as opposed to a pioneer, you will go into a field that has just been set up by different organizations. This will offer certain favorable circumstances since you will have the option to misuse administrations which have just been made and demonstrated effective. Notwithstanding, it will imply that you should be prepared to take on the opposition. So as to expand your odds of progress as you enter a set up advertise as a supporter, you might need to concentrate your business procedure on a specific specialty. You can decide to offer a wide scope of items or administrations, despite the fact that this will free you up to countless various contenders and it is probably going to require more assets. On the other hand, you can concentrate on a specific, specific specialty or territory of business, for example, the offer of a specific help. Another significant thought when you are picking your business methodology is the sort of market which you might want to target. The sorts of items and administrations that you need to offer and the clients you should speak to may change a lot in esteem, from top of the line to low finished results. You ought to choose which end of the market you need to target, mulling over your aptitudes, experience and assets just as the attributes of each kind of market. So as to settle on the correct decision of business system, you should think about various components, for example, the assets that you have accessible, the open doors that are accessible in the market and the sorts of abilities and experience that you can exploit, both in yourself and in your representatives. At the point when you are picking your business system, you ought to think about the fate of your business just as your present assets and circumstance. You might need to consider the drawn out capability of your business methodology and how it might create and change as your business develops. Your business system can change after some time, yet it is as yet critical to guarantee that you pick the correct procedure for the present, so as to guarantee that you make the progress you need now before you can consider development and venture into new zones of the market. 4.1 Compare the Roles and obligations regarding system usage? Errand: Evaluate the capacity and the everyday activity for plan execution of Leeds University. The way in to a fruitful execution is arrangement. System, individuals, and everyday work forms should be successfully connected. The key arrangement must be comprehended by the whole association, the perfect individuals should be in the correct occupations to take into account most extreme work execution, and activity plans must be created, actualized, and explored. A typical issue is that people inside the different offices in an association may see the objectives and destinations of the organization in an unexpected way. Where a correspondence vacuum exists, Sales, Manufacturing and Finance may see a particular need in an unexpected way. This miscommunication between practical storehouses can be counterproductive. To adequately adjust system, individuals, and the strategic activity designs that lead to a fruitful execution, a great deal of difficult work and determined correspondence must occur. We can't impart an excessive amount of directing a whole association to a similar spot takes steady redundancy for the message to stick for all time in the psyches and hearts of workers. Another basic point is that arrangement execution is a procedure, not a particular advance. There is no discrete start or end. Markets and contenders are ever-evolving. In spite of the fact that the wide procedure and bearing ought not falter, what things complete, and in what request, will advance because of changing conditions in our general surroundings. At that point we assess and adjust and to pick up footing and ground on the opposition. As the world changes, correspondence, indeed, is critical to limit any disarray inside the positions. Most importantly powerful execution is troublesome. There are imposing barriers, tears, and changing elements that disrupt the general flow and can harm the usage of a decent procedure. In any case, very much run organizations do this constantly, despite the fact that there is no solitary procedure to deal with the execution of a strategy, there are essential procedures and basics to be followed. 1) Once the expansive Mission, Vision and methodology for the association has been set up, concentrating on its center skills, explicit quantifiable objectives to help the procedure must be planned. 2) The association must be assessed. Do you have the correct individuals with the correct abilities in the correct occupations? Should HR be reallocated? Do you have the correct number of representatives in the suitable offices? 3) Identify the key activities and expansive activities that must be practiced to accomplish this methodology. Recognize the transitional issues, or the holes, between where you are today and where you intend to be. Push the activities all through the association. They should be reliably comprehended in every practical office. Each worker needs to comprehend their individual job in achieving some part of the arrangement. 4) Develop a spending plan to help the arrangement. This might be an iterative procedure until the correct mix of methodology, strategies, and budgetary judiciousness is accomplished. 5) Communicate! Get the message out to the whole association. Create pay and prize frameworks to help the future Vision of the association. Make choice channels that help manage the association through a point of view for those occasions when the association grapples with an idea that may wander from its system. 6) Establish a survey procedure. As the business sectors, clients, contenders, government guidelines, economy, and so forth advance, a few needs, and conceivably a few objectives, may change. Return to the start, audit each progression, and decide whether further changes are fundamental. 4.2 Evaluate asset necessities to execute another procedure for a given association? Assignment: Assess what sort of asset necessities are expected to execute another methodology for the Leeds For Leeds University which have an arrangement set up, sitting around idly and vitality on the arranging procedure and afterward not executing the arrangement is very discouraging.â Although the subject of usage may not be the most energizing thing to discuss, its a key business practice that is basic for any technique to grab hold. The vital arrangement tends to the what and why of exercises, however usage tends to the who, where, when, and how. The truth of the matter is that both are basic to progress. Actually, organizations can increase upper hand through usage whenever done effectively.â In the accompanying segments, you find how to get support for your total execution plan. All parts must be set up so as to move from making the arrangement to enacting the arrangement. Individuals The principal phase of actualizing you will likely make a point to have the correct individuals ready. The perfect individuals incorporate those people with required abilities and aptitudes that are expected to help the arrangement. In the months following the arranging procedure, grow worker abilities through preparing, enrollment, or fresh recruits to incorporate new capabilities required by the key arrangement. Assets You have to have adequate assets and sufficient opportunity to help implementation.â Often, genuine expenses are thought little of or not recognized. Genuine expenses can incorporate a practical time duty from staff to accomplish an objective, an away from of costs related with a strategy, or unforeseen cost overwhelms by a merchant. Furthermore, workers must have sufficient opportunity to actualize what might be extra exercises that they arent at present performing. Structure Set your structure of the board and suitable lines of power, and have clear, open lines of correspondence with your representatives. An arrangement proprietor and standard procedure gatherings are the two most effortless approaches to set up a structure. Gatherings to survey the advancement ought to be planned month to month or quarterly, contingent upon the degree of action and time period of the arrangement. Frameworks Both administration and innovation frameworks help track the advancement of the arrangement and make it quicker

Technology in Note Taking and Assessment

Question: Examine about the Technology in Note Taking and Assessment. Answer: Presentation: Different examinations on different methods of talk note taking are directed to assess various methods of talk note taking. Various writings of different writers talked about new thoughts of talk taking in study hall. This paper will basically assess the procedures of observing. Talk not helps in successful examinations that are the initial step of learning. The understudies can utilize note pads, winding books, PC or android application to take the talk notes. Be that as it may, utilization of PC or android application in study hall is questionable. Some regular android applications are Microsoft OneNote, Google Keep, Apple Note and Evernote. This paper will audit articles and diaries of various writers on the talk note taking. Badger, White, Sutherland and Haggis (2001) expressed in their article that taking talk note is a fundamental segment of scholastic investigation. This article explored both talk structure and local or non local English speaker note taking examination. Be that as it may, it is important to know the observation and comprehension of the understudies to observe in homeroom in the University. Ruby and Ruby Jr (2013) in their paper picked 18 understudies to explore the conceptualisations of understudies. 6 understudies from undergrad level of first year, 6 access understudies and 6 worldwide first year understudies are chosen for talk with system of talk note taking. In any case, Chen (2013) contended that the understudies must know the reason for address note taking and the material of the substance of the talk. Also, the understudies need to know the eventual outcomes of talk note taking and help the past experience to remember not taking. As understudies originate from different schola rly foundations, they have distinctive information to concentrate in the Universities. The article centers around the diverse kind of talk note giving and various styles of comprehension of the understudies to take the notes. As indicated by Kiewra (2016), the way of life of the talk ought to be additionally taken note. The non-verbal communication of the speaker likewise assumes a solid job in comprehension of the understudies and kind of the talks in the homeroom. Then again, Kuznekoff and Titsworth (2013) expressed contention in the article Note great: an examination of how understudies see taking notes in addresses that the focal point of the exploration strand is the note taking in the talk space to reproduce the key purposes of scholarly talks. Be that as it may, there is a contrast between note taking of local and non local English speakers. Huge numbers of the examination are done based on shortsighted procedure and those perspectives on the spot of talk note taking. Peverly et al., (2007) said that talk note taking is essential to test the presentation of the understudies that is known as psychological procedure of talk note taking. The fundamental motivation behind the examination is to research the three techniques for theory. This assists with distinguishing the nature of the observed. The three strategies are translation familiarity, capacity to locate the key thoughts and memory of verbal working. Peverly et al., (2007) expressed that another reason for the investigation is to reproduce finding of past research concentrates towards the notes and memory of verbal working. This is connected with the presentation of the understudies. Bui and Myerson (2014) contended that translation familiarity can foresee the note quality that is extremely noteworthy to test the presentation. Skills have contemporary perspectives on the psychological handling of learning. Be that as it may, various understudies have diverse working memory limit that lead to v ariety in viable procedure execution in the working memory. This is likewise not quite the same as ability results. Extraordinary limit of working memory empowers incredible proficiency to screen the request data (Badger, White, Sutherland Haggis, 2001). For instance, if the fundamental expertise or word acknowledgment is programmed, the distinction of individual are related exceptionally with the language capacity. The vast majority of the educators give significant data during the talk in classes. In the previous decades, the understudies noted down the data in note pads, which is polished in present days moreover. In any case, some examination papers recommend changing, the style of taking notes to build up the learning framework. These new styles can have negative effect on the learning of the understudies. They can be occupied and their presentation may diminish. Before applying new advances in instruction framework, the advances ought to be looked into appropriately to build u p the information on the understudies. Wei, Wang and Fass (2014) appeared in their article that the utilization of android application in taking talk note can support understudies. The focal point of the examination study is to think about the written by hand note taking and PC intervened note taking. Nonetheless, the utilization of android applications effectsly affects the learning procedure of understudies. In any case, it is simpler and efficient approach to gather the notes. Another useful job of electronic gadgets is that the understudies can record the talk note of the teacher on the off chance that they can't note down the talks. Kuznekoff and Titsworth (2013) recommended some electronic gadget name and android applications like reasonable PCs, cell phones, tablets, Google Keep, Apple Notes, EverNote and Microsoft OneNote. The remote gadgets can be dealt with without any problem. These gadgets are extremely helpful basically for the individuals who are multi taskers understudies. In any case, the negative purpose of utilizing these gadgets is that those gadgets can occupy the understudies also as can spare the time (Kuznekoff Titsworth, 2013). The article study demonstrated that the understudies who use PCs in class to observe and don't utilize web perusing or interpersonal interaction destinations, accomplished solid learning result than those understudies who abuse the PC during address note. True understudies are less pulled in towards the internet talking in the talk room and get advantages of utilizing electronic gadgets. As indicated by Mueller Oppenheimer (2014), understudies who use workstations earnestly are gainer than the understudies who use note pad and pen to note down the talk notes. The exploration recommends that exchanged assignments and interference lessen the productivity and adequacy of the learning procedure and note taking moreover. Changing to composing on talk boxes from note taking shows psychomotor deferral of the understudy who utilizes the electronic gadgets in p erforming various tasks. Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) looked into the upsides of utilizing PC as opposed to pen or journal. Be that as it may, the utilization of electronic gadgets like PC in homeroom is disputable. This article centers around the performing various tasks limit of understudies on PC. Understudies need not to give a lot of exertion to take notes of the teachers in homeroom. Chen (2013) contended that utilizing of PC to take address notes may debilitate the learning propensities for the understudies. Numerous educators don't permit the utilization of PCs in study hall as it can divert the understudies learning result and the conversation in the study hall. Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) chose a few understudies to direct the exploration and talked with then to know their points of view. A large number of the understudies additionally concur with their teachers that the performing various tasks limit of PC occupies them without a doubt and breaks their focus in study hall. Then again, numerou s understudies have the conviction that PCs are valuable in their learning method. The focal point of the relationship contemplates are the limit of PCs in diverting the understudies to perform various tasks during the talk in study hall. In any case, the examination indicated that Internet perusing during the talk disables the exhibition o the understudies, in this manner the learning result additionally diminishes. As per Peverly et al. (2007), the discoveries of the exploration are extremely useful and significant. The abuse of PC and interruption relies upon the understudies moreover. The utilization of PC may influence the nature of talk note taking yet it is help too. De Brito (2015) proposed that there are two different ways to maintain a strategic distance from the abuse of PCs in study halls during addresses. The first is encoding and the other one is outside capacity. The encoding procedure assists with improving the learning result of the understudies. The outer stockpili ng technique assists with evaluating the materials of notes all the more proficiently and successfully. End Based on above conversation, it very well may be reasoned that talk note is significant thing in learning process. To accomplish the information on address note taking, it is important to direct research. The understudies can utilize new advances to take notes in homeroom yet they should help the negative effect on remember those gadgets. The new advancements include different gadgets like cell phone, PC and tablets. The advances can occupy the learning of understudies. Notwithstanding, teachers don't like to utilize the innovations as the innovation diverts them moreover. Particularly utilization of these advancements influences the wellbeing and learning of the understudies. The impact of new advances might be different like it can influence the wellbeing of understudies and the information moreover. Understudies can take the notes of their note pad however in this procedure they can miss some significant focuses. Thusly the exploration papers propose advantages of utilizing the el ectronic gadgets with the goal that the understudies can record the significant data of the teachers. In any case, a few understudies differ to utilize these gadgets as the gadgets diverts by different performing multiple tasks applications. References Badger, R., White, G., Sutherland, P., Haggis, T. (2001). Note great: an examination of how understudies see taking notes in lectures.System,29(3), 405-417. Barrett, M. E., Swan, A. B., Mamikonian, A., Ghajoyan, I., Kramarova, O., Youmans, R. J. (2014). Innovation in note taking and evaluation: The impacts of harmoniousness on understudy performance.International Journal of Instruction,7(1). Bowen, J. A. (2012).Teaching bare: How moving innovation out of your school study hall will improve understudy

The Value of Being a Mentor and Mentee

The Value of Being a Mentor and Mentee The University of Illinois  provides  an experience like no other. There are tons of resources here that are willing to help you with anything you need. However, sometimes I find that those who are the most resourceful are my  fellow students. Im on the executive board of the American Advertising Federation, which is the local student advertising club. Its a 500+ member club, which can be a really intimidating number and someone can get lost inside a club with that many members. But, this club is not some ordinary club. The club is home to 11 committees and one of those include the Member Relations Committee. This committee has the mission to help every member feel at home in the club. They set up the mentor/mentee program, and its incredibly successful. There are over 130 people participating in the program this semester! Im currently a mentor in the program and Im having a ton of fun with it. I have two freshman mentees who are interested in finding their fit in the program. I routinely catch up with them for coffee at Starbucks. But more than a mentor, Ive become friends with my two mentees. The Member Relations Committee plans great events for us. We even have a cool speed-dating event coming up where we get to meet the other mentor/mentee pairs, so its another great opportunity to make friends and connect with people who have similar interests. Its important that you find someone you can look up to and get advice from no matter what  club or organization youre a part of. As people get older, they want to give back so its important to take advantage of that and remember that its okay to ask for help and advice because Illini are life-long learners. Be a mentee at Illinois and one day youll be mentoring future Illini! Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

The World Of Assessment On The Education Community

Abstract This paper was created to explore the world of assessment issues in the education community. This paper was focused on using state tests in order to formally evaluate teachers. Teachers are being evaluated all the time to determine whether they are fit to be in the classroom. This paper focuses on the issues created by NCLB as well as race to the top. It has become a competition to have teachers get the best state scores on tests. These scores are how we are evaluating our current and possibly even future teachers. The use of state tests as evaluation tools has become a stressor for teachers. Teachers are constantly striving to be the best and with the weight of the evaluation on their shoulder, their job has become harder and even more stressful. Using these tests to evaluate create nothing but problems for teachers, as they do not effectively evaluate teachers and their true capabilities. Teachers are under constant evaluation. Principals, parents and other teachers are constantly watching and evaluating teachers to ensure that students get the best education possible. However, what should they be effectively be basing those evaluations on? Standardized assessments are being more involved in classrooms, and those are the tests that teachers are being evaluated on. However, is that truly fair to the teacher to be evaluated on such substantial state tests? No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was implemented in 2001 and was created in order to increaseShow MoreRelatedSolving the Road Safety Problem in United States960 Words   |  4 Pagespolicy through means such as education, awareness, and public relations. To improve road safety, though, great amounts of resources are required for the improvement of roads and the safety of vehicles too. Resources are also necessary to bolster the laws related to traffic, and the enforcement of those laws. Issues like vehicle design must als o be taken into consideration. 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Why Absolutely Everybody Is Talking About 6th Grade History Essay Samples and What You Have to Do

Why Absolutely Everybody Is Talking About 6th Grade History Essay Samples and What You Have to Do Your clients could be on the opposing side of the planet, it doesn't matter. If you understand what you are doing you can create a lucrative career out of it. After all, the duty of the student is to just explain how other positions might not be well informed or current on the subject. Features leading academics and experts in a variety of fields. A Startling Fact about 6th Grade History Essay Samples Uncovered Knowing the scientific process This calendar year, sixth graders will use the scientific procedure and the way it leads to discoveries. As soon as you begin, you are going to observe that these are class-changing projects which you and the students will love! In 10th grade, students ought to be in a position to write and complete written compositions on a normal basis. Your students are going to have the power of decision to investigate an authentic question in World Hi story. The Advantages of 6th Grade History Essay Samples The 3 body paragraphs are completely imperative to the success of the five paragraph essay. My very last bit of advice isn't to give up. Due to their invaluable expertise, nearly all their suggestions were accepted. Expository essays describe a procedure or offer factual details. Color-coding is a fantastic assistance for the teacher because it's possible to skim to make sure that all pieces of your students' paragraphs and essays are found. Employing a writing service is the best approach to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to guarantee the essays you write are hitting each of the critical points and are at the appropriate depth needed for your academic grade. Now, was when I started to struggle with identity. It is essential that the thesis statement ought to be slimmed down as a way to adhere to the guidelines of the given writing exercise. You don't necessarily understand how you're feeling about a subject or what you would like to say regarding the topic, permit the research and your own direction to ascertain the outcome. Make your strongest claim to hold up your thesis statement in the very first body paragraph. 6th Grade History Essay Samples: the Ultimate Conveni ence! More information on the procedure can be found here. If you use the basic techniques in an easy, unthinking fashion, they will work against you. Depending on the essence of your view, some descriptive elements may be helpful. There are a few third-party programs you are able to utilize to read out the control values of a certain patch, though. The Secret to 6th Grade History Essay Samples In addition, it looks at families from various cultural backgrounds. The site category is easily the most interactive of all NHD categories. Assessing readability is a significant endeavor for media and educational applications as it permits us to tailor content to the readers. The five-paragraph format is generally used in sixth grade. Top 6th Grade History Essay Samples Choices Sixth grade math covers a great deal of ground, so you are going to want a whole lot of assistance at your fingertips. Now I must make some new friends at school. For additional credit, kids can upload a duplicate of the time line on a school site. Other times, you might want to give students options. In the same way, websites are simpler to read when paragraphs are brief. Also, you have to carefully look at the marking rubrics before you commence writing. Such essays is written in the very first individual. A few of the essays ask you to describe what's happening and a number of them are about why it's happening. 6th Grade History Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone You might also see academic essay. You could also see descriptive essay. Every essay followed the exact standard structure. Narrative essays naturally do the job nicely with the descriptive kind of essay writing. Also, as soon as you are grading, you're able to quickly scan the paragraphs and essays. You can also see concept essays. It is very important to be aware an argumentative essay and an expository essay could be similar, but they vary greatly in regard to the quantity of pre-writing and research involved. Whether it's an argumentative or expository essay which you're writing, it is essential to develop a clear thesis statement and a crystal clear sound reasoning.

Hookworm Dermatitis in Dogs Free Essays

Hookworm dermatitis is also called ancylostomiasis or uncinariasis dermatitis. Lesions occur as a result of the skin penetration of the third stage larvae of Uncinaria stenocephala and Ancylostoma spp. The larvae are located in the soil that the animals contact. We will write a custom essay sample on Hookworm Dermatitis in Dogs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lesions are more often associated with Uncinaria stenocephala infestation. Uncinaria stenocephala rarely completes its life cycle by skin penetration, however, Ancylostoma spp can. The larvae enter the skin primarily at areas of scaling skin but, occasionally they may enter via hair follicles. Signs of Hookworm Dermatitis The condition is more frequently noticed in hookworm infested dogs that are housed on dirt runs with poor sanitation. Lesions are primarily located on the feet but, they may be seen on any area of the skin that contacts the ground. Erythematous papules are present initially but, chronically affected skin often becomes red, thickened and alopecic. The skin on the footpads often becomes thickened. The interdigital spaces may be red, and the feet may eventually become soft and spongy especially at the pad margins. The nails may grow faster, become deformed and in severe cases break off. Arthritis may be present. Itchiness is always present but it can vary in intensity. Animals are irritable and lick their feet. Diagnosis of Hookworm Dermatitis Pelodera dermatitis is considered a possible diagnosis when a dog kept outdoors on straw bedding has itchy, alopecic and crusting dermatitis on skin that is in contact with the ground. A positive fecal exam for hookworm eggs provides supporting evidence but does not confirm a diagnosis. Skin scraping is an easy, fast, inexpensive and reliable method for the diagnosis of Pelodera dermatitis. Treatment of Hookworm Dermatitis All affected and in-contact dogs should be given appropriate antihelminthic treatment and a prophylactic program should be started. Frequent removal of feces from the runs and kennels as well as improved sanitation should be performed. Therapy consists of routine worming with thiabendazole, fenbendazole, or levamizole and improving sanitation. Oral antibiotics were used in cases with confirmed or suspected concurrent bacterial infection. Since decaying organic matter is a typical habitat of P. strongyloides, removal of straw bedding from the kennel is imperative to allow successful medical treatment. Discarding moist or dirty bedding and replacing it with clean, dry bedding is the first step taken in treating our Pelodera dermatitis cases. How to cite Hookworm Dermatitis in Dogs, Papers

Jetblue Airways Managing Growth Essay Example

Jetblue Airways: Managing Growth Essay Jet Blue Airways; Managing Growth 1. Jet Blue? s Business- level strategy; value and cost drivers Jet Blue uses to create and maintain ist competitive position Founded by the discount airline veteran David Neeleman in 2000, JetBlue Airways has quickly become one of the largest discount airlines in the United States. Starting primarily by serving the East Coast, the airline has since expanded throughout the country and entered the international market. The reasons for its early success are numerous: JetBlue entered the market with one of the largest levels of liquidity of any start-up airline; it met the needs of customers’ whose primary concerns are price and route; and it successfully defined its brand and differentiated itself from competitors by offering an above average customer experience and amenities for a discounted price. They are offering fares with the â€Å"point to point† system. JetBlue? s business-level strategy is therefore a mix of cost-leadership and differentiation. David Neeleman’s idea behind JetBlue was to start a company that combined the low fares of a discount airline carrier with the comforts of a small cozy den in people’s homes. His vision involved both business and leisure customers to have cheap and affordable flights throughout the United States and abroad on newer aircraft that are not only comfortable, but are equipped with modern entertainment options, and a customer centric business model which makes customer service a number one priority. We will write a custom essay sample on Jetblue Airways: Managing Growth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jetblue Airways: Managing Growth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jetblue Airways: Managing Growth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In contrast to its competitors, for example, JetBlue offers fares up to 65% lower but added comfort features such as assigned seating, leather upholstery and satellite TV on individual screens in every seat. Moreover, they are practicing a â€Å"get-to-the-destinations-at-all-costs† culture, which makes it their declared aim never to cancel a flight. JetBlue Airways does not operate to a traditional mission statement; rather, it operates to a set of core values: Safety, Caring, Integrity, Fun, and Passion. 2. Strategic group map of the airline industry; positioning to create a strategic competitive advantage ompany| Routes serviced| Prices| size| Continental | 292| 1,586| 44939| Delta| 587| 1,009| 118856| Southwest| 97| 0,775| 77693| JetBlue| 71| 1,371| 14729| American| 336| 0,186| 745700| United| 180| 1,706| 67000| The biggest and simultaneously oldest airline companies are United, American, Delta and Continental Airline. This is why they are referred to as legacy carriers. T heir strategic competitive advantage is the hub and spoke system. In this system, airlines created hubs at specific airports where thousands of passengers were shuttled to their connecting flights, the so called spokes. In doing so, these airlines can ensure to keep costs low and protect market share. Another argument strengthen this strategy is that passengers can travel between numerous destinations without changing airlines. Delta uses this strategy to dominate geographical segments of the market, for example Atlanta. Southwest Airlines on the other hand established a completely different strategy. They take passengers direct between cities, which is referred to as point to point. Additionally, Southwest is using secondary airports serving major metropolitan areas. With their different strategic advantage, they are able to attract another target market. Because they offer fares between cities that are often less than 500 miles apart, they targeted customers that would have otherwise traveled by car. In this way Southwest maintains high levels of plane utilization while keeping its operating costs low enough to support its discounted fares. Another part of their strategy is their reliance on a single type of plane, the Boing 737. This allowed them to standardize ground and flight personnel training which decreased the airline? average turnaround time between landing and starting again. Moreover, Southwest focuses on customers whose priority is low-cost, on-time performance. There are no complications for customers, like seat assignments. Therefore, Southwest as well as Jet Blue are considered as low cost carriers (LCC). Jet Blue offers fares up to 65 per cent lower than legacy competitors. Jet Blue Airways positions itself by connecting large, t ypically northeastern, US cities with warmer cities in the southeast. Jet Blue? s emphasis is like Southwest? s on low fares and point to point transportation. Jet Blue entered the market like Southwest with only one machine, the A320. In this way they could ensure serving a variety of medium- and long-haul routes and numerous overnight flights. Jet Blue could also standardize its training and servicing processes around the aircraft. This allowed them to gain flexibility in scheduling and capacity management. Another feature for customers to make travelling with this airline more attractive are added comfort features such as assigned seating, leather upholstery and satellite TV on individual screens in every seat. Their key principle was that flight cancellation should be avoided at all costs. In 2005, Jet Blue broadened their portfolio in entering the market of medium-sized cities, which was served only by regional airlines. They entered this market using a new midsized aircraft called E190. In launching this new machine, they were able to use synergy of combining the A320 and the E190 profitably while serving now smaller and bigger airports. This portfolio mix gives Jet Blue a yet matchless, strategic competitive advantage compared to the other airlines. Their goal now should be to improve the synergy between the two machines and the profitably run their fleet with the optimum amount of aircrafts. 3. Strategy/ structure needed to support the A320 versus the E190; reconcilable differences? ; opportunities for synergy The new developed strategy of Jet Blue was to acquire enough E190 aircrafts to serve medium- sized cities to provide a steady flow of passengers to fill the seats on the longer-haul routes of their A320 aircrafts. A big advantage of this system was that it also worked the other way around. Jet Blue turned out to have an enormous advantage in comparison to the regional airlines, because the E190 had more seats than the traditional RJ. They could use the best option for efficiently serving medium-sized markets while offering passengers more comfort, because they did not had to face limitations on the size of the planes as RJ did. Therefore, Jet Blue has to overcome some essential problems caused by significant differences between these two aircrafts. On the one hand, the E 190 is operated at 12 per cent greater costs than the A320, therefore 34 per cent less costs than for a typical RJ. The E 190 was a great innovation because it could target a wider range of profitable destinations with a greater seating capacity to feed into A320 flights. This results in higher loads and improved economics for Jet Blue. The breakeven load for the E190 of 75-80 per cent was much lower than for the A320, which made is easier to introduce service into new markets. One of the problems is that it takes up to 40 to 50 airplanes before a company benefits from economies of scale. And while taking delivery of the new E190, Jet Blue continued its purchases of A320 aircrafts. Reasons therefore are that this machine had proven to be an extremely reliable machine, and Jet Blue had standardized its operations around this plane. Another concern is the dual certification for pilots . It was simply not feasible for a pilot to simultaneously obtain enough flights as an E190 captain and as an A320 captain. This means pilots could only fly one of the two machines. This brought up another issue: An A320 captain received higher hourly wage rate than an E190 captain. This is why they had to keep pace with the A320 deliveries. The short-haul routes served by the E190 increased revenues but they also increased costs. The reason therefore is as more frequent flights required E190 aircrafts to spend more time on the ground than the A320 for taxiing, loading, and unloading between flights because the processes were not standardized yet. This resulted in a disadvantage in accumulating flying hours for pilots, because they get only credit for time spend in the air. Any time spend on the ground was not included. This affected their whole seniority and income availability, which is tied to the number of airplanes they take. Additionally, the E190 has non-skid flooring on the cargo bins as a safety feature to prevent baggage handlers from slipping on the floor while loading and unloading. Although it was intended to be a good thing, it increased loading time and also increased the potential for strains and back sprains as handlers had to lift bags they previously have slid. Also flight attendants had to make significant adjustments. The E 190 had smaller galleys from which to serve customers. The shorter duration of E190 flights provided less time for the attendants to provide the high level of service to which jet Blue passengers had become accustomed. The work of the employees in charge of servicing and maintaining Jet Blue? s fleet also increased considerably. They had now two completely different machines to take care of manufactured by different companies. This created additional operating complexity. This is why they decided to invest in maintenance capabilities. The last and most important group affected by the differences between the two machines is customers. Changes in their behavior and expectations are required. Especially concerning to the carry- on baggage, because the storage bins are from different sizes. This means passengers can take the same baggage in one machine as hand luggage, on the other machine they need to check it at the gate. There are enough opportunities for synergy effects. The system of the two machines working together is still in its introductory phase. Once these difficulties and maintenance and special level of service for the customers are overcome, the synergy should run pretty well as it was intended to be. 4. Efforts of JetBlue to repair damage to its reputation; successful efforts? Necessary/ successful change in CEO? The Valentine ? s Day crisis that would later be referred to as „the worst operational week in JetBlue? s seven-year history,â€Å" began on February 14, 2007 when flights from JFK were heavily booked. Although the snow lingered longer than expected, JetBlue boarded its flights. As the snow turned to freezing rain the FAA prohibited domestic flights from taking off. This winter storm that enveloped the New York metropolitan region and JetBlue’s hub at John F. Kennedy International Airport left hundreds of the company’s passengers stranded aboard planes on the tarmac, some for as many as ten hours. Hundreds more waited in vain in the terminal for flights that the airline would eventually cancel. The flight disruptions at JFK plunged JetBlue’s entire operation into chaos, forcing the carrier to cancel more than one thousand flights over a six day period. In the morning of this Wednesday, JetBlue? s executives and employees had no idea that an operational catastrophe was about to happen, one that would threaten the company’s financial stability and tarnish its otherwise sterling public image. David Neeleman stepped down after the Valentine’s Day incident in 2007 only because his organization failed to deliver on its principles of excellent customer service. To restore its reputation, JetBlue embarked on a bold and unconventional image restoration campaign that included issuing disarmingly candid public apologies and a radical new covenant between the company and its customers called the â€Å"JetBlue Airways Customer Bill of Rights. † The change of management was instituted to help rebuild JetBlue’s tarnished reputation and to develop innovative strategies which would prevent situations like that from ever happening again. The CEO described the bill of rights as a written covenant between the company and its customers. The bill of rights specified in no uncertain terms the monetary compensation customers would receive if JetBlue failed to meet certain performance benchmarks, such as ground delays after landing. The Bill of Rights, allowed JetBlue to strengthen its brand among loyal customers and even those who were affected in the airline’s operational difficulties at JFK and other airports across the country. Additionally, the announcement of the Bill of Rights served as a powerful introduction to countless other air travelers who had yet to fly with the airline. In addition, the Valentine’s Day crisis taught the Corporate Communications group valuable lessons about using the Web and social media. For example, the corporate communication team arranged for Neeleman to appear on more than a dozen television news and talk show programs on February 20, including The Today Show and The Late Show with David Letterman. Neeleman had already starred in videos posted to JetBlue’s Web site and YouTube in which he said he was â€Å"humiliated and mortified† by the company’s failures. Through numerous written and spoken mea culpas, Neeleman begged JetBlue’s customers for forgiveness. I feel that JetBlue? s powerful brand, corporate structure, and agility as a smaller airline should enable it to rebound from the Valentine? s Day crisis in 2007 and beyond. Of course, the events that began at JFK will not soon be forgotten by the public or the organization, but the issuance of the JetBlue Airways Customer Bill of Rights and the apologies demonstrated the airline’s commitment to its patrons over the long term, not just in the days and weeks following the onset of the crisis.

Theme Enhancement through the Use of Motif in The Scarlet Letter

Theme Enhancement through the Use of Motif in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne used many profound and important motifs. Some examples of this device that is portrayed in the novel are the letter 'A', which is the best example because it changes its meaning throughout the story. In the beginning, it is viewed as a symbol of sin, and throughout the novel changes its meaning.The letter is a label of punishment and sin in the commencement of the novel. It is a literal symbol of the sin of adultery. Wearing the label on her chest, she is an outcast from society. It allows the entire town to know her sin of bearing a child out of wedlock. She wears this symbol to burden her with punishment throughout her life. "Thus she will be a living sermon against sin, until the ignominious letter be engraved upon her tombstone" (59). Society places all blame on Hester, and because of this one letter her life has completely changed.Rosa Hester Prynne 1The letter's meaning in Puritan society banishes her from her normal life.The middle of the novel is a transition period where the letter 'A' is viewed differently from the beginning of the story. "Nevertheless... this badge hath taught meit daily teaches meits teaching me at this moment..." (107). Hester had learned to deal with the letter and grew stronger from it. They now see her as a person who is strong, yet bears a symbol which differs herself. It taught her to withstand the pressures of society. She no longer is forced to wear the letter, but chooses to keep bearing it anyway because it is part of who she is.The letter also portrays the guilt of Dimmesdale, the father of Hester's child. "Mr. Dimmesdale was overcome with a great order of mind, as if...

Back-to-School Student Questionnaire

Back-to-School Student Questionnaire One of the challenges of starting a new school year is getting acquainted with your students. Some students are friendly and talkative right away, while others may be shy or reserved. Provide students with a back-to-school questionnaire to learn more about each student in your class. You can also combine student questionnaires with other icebreakers during the first week of school. Sample Student Questions The following questions are some examples to consider including in your own questionnaire. Modify the questions to suit your students grade level. If you need a second opinion, run your questionnaire draft by an administrator or a fellow teacher. You dont need to have students answer every question, though you might want to give them an incentive to participate. And remember, students want to get to know you better, too- so fill out a questionnaire of your own and distribute it. Personal Details What is your full name?Do you like your name? Why or why not?Do you have a nickname? If so, what is it?When is your birthday?Do you have any siblings? If so, how many?Do you have any pets? If so, tell me about them.Who is your favorite relative? Why? Future Goals What career do you hope to have?Do you want to go to college? Why or why not?If you want to go to college, which one do you want to attend?Where do you see yourself in five years? Ten years?Do you plan to stay in this area or move away? Specific Information About This Class What do you think about [the grade level and/or subject matter you teach]?What concerns, if any, do you have about this class?What do you hope to learn in this class?What grade are you striving to earn in this class? This Year in School What are you most looking forward to this year?What are you least looking forward to this year?Which school clubs are you planning to participate in this year?What extracurricular activities do you plan to join this year- such as sports, theater, or band?Do you think that you learn better by seeing, hearing, or doing something?Do you consider yourself well organized?Where do you typically do your homework?Do you like to listen to music while you do schoolwork? Free Time Who are your friends in this class?What do you like to do in your free time?What are your hobbies?Whats your favorite type of music?Whats your favorite TV show?Whats your favorite type of movie? (For example, you might choose thrillers, romantic comedies, or horror movies.) Why do you like that genre? More About You Whats your favorite color?If you could invite three famous people to dinner, who would they be and why?What do you think is the most important quality that a teacher can have?Five adjectives that describe me are:If you were given a first-class ticket to travel anywhere in the world, where would you go and why?

Econimc Growth without Environmental Damage Essay

Econimc Growth without Environmental Damage - Essay Example However, action has to be taken immediately due to what happened in the past. Nevertheless, it does not matter at what stage of economic growth the country is at that moment. It has since been proven, as it will be seen later in the text, both economic growth and environmental conservation can run con-currently. Moreover, this occurrence has the ability to benefit economies financially and with greater gains than before if properly executed. The first and foremost way to deal with this situation is proper planning for the eventualities of economic growth. Since experience has given important lessons of what could happen if economic growth is not monitored, it is therefore, sensible to use this knowledge as an advantage. Planning for the environment should coincide with when policies for economic growth are made. Therefore, the tendency to pursue economic growth blindly without environmental policies and only clean up after it becomes affordable is avoided (Clapp & Dauvergne 352). Cou ntries should start concentrating on exploiting renewable sources of energy. This is especially for countries that have achieved considerable economic growth without regards to its effect to the environment. It will ensure continuing economic growth while environmental damage is greatly reduced (Vollebergh 34). For many countries and governments, this may be most convenient way and at times the only way to salvage the situation. Since the reality is that, many nations lack the financial ability to take a step towards environmental conservation at the expense of the economy. The message of sustainable development should be spread everywhere. It is natural that many governments will not be willing to tell its people to stop doing things that give them money as producers or pleasure as consumers (Sackman 50). However, by letting people understand the logic behind this idea, it will enable them to understand the connection between population growth, economic growth and environmental deg radation in that respect other than individually. The impact may not be drastic but will sink in with time and with experience. Consequently, people will be willing to sacrifice themselves in whatever way for the conservation of their environment, which in reality determines their comfort and better yet, their longevity. The quickest way to reduce environmental degradation is through public and private partnership through investing in research, development expenditure and human capital skills (Pearce & Barbier 32). The private sector has played a fair share and can even be said to have collaborated in destroying the environment as the government endeavored to create favorable conditions for investment so as to stir economic growth. It is also economical for economies that are not stable enough to initiate and sustain environmental programs before revenue begins to flow in again. The partnership should enable investment in technology that remedies or assists in remedying the current environmental situation in the world. There is also need for Technological innovation, invention and advancement that can assist in avoiding long and expensive procedures. However, it does not go unnoticed that there are some steps that have been made towards this direction. There are windmills and solar panels that enable large-scale harnessing of wind and solar power respectively; genetically modified crops, manufacture of environmental-friendly cars that use

Global Priorities Bigger than climate change Essay

Global Priorities Bigger than climate change - Essay Example reminded that the most important is not to define problems but to find the solutions to these problems and the most important question is â€Å"what can we do about that?†. Then the scientist reminded about the necessity to define several basic problems, which should be the top priorities. He talks about four biggest problems: malaria, free trade, malnutrition and HIV/AIDS. AIDS, according to scientist, is the first issue to be paid attention to, he is sure that not enough efforts are taken to struggle with this disease, and the statistics is disappointing primarily because of that. He reminds that it is much easier to prevent the disease than to cure it, thus the main attention should be paid to prevention, because it is possible to be done and it is namely prevention, which can improve the statistics. The report made by Bjorn Lomberg is very informative and useful as it makes us think about the importance of the correct definition of priorities in order to find real resoluti on to the biggest problems in the

Environmental Geochemistry of Copper

Environmental Geochemistry of Copper Nwankwo Chihurumnanya Belema February, 2017 This report was aimed at providing an insight into the environmental geochemistry of copper (Cu). It gave a brief overview of the occurrence of copper and areas in which it is located globally. It went on to discuss its various physical and chemical properties, after which it evaluated the extraction and processing techniques which are used to recover Cu. The diverse uses of Cu in various industries were also looked at, and then the wastes generated during the Cu processing were discussed. The vast routes of Cu pollution in the environment were also analysed, and the toxicity of Cu in humans, animals, aquatic species and micro-organisms were appraised. Lastly, the standards put together to curb Cu exposure and toxicity were equally identified. The quantity of copper beneath the Earths surface is approximately 50 parts per million (ppm) and it occurs as large star-like structures (Emsley, 2011). It takes different natural forms in the likes of cuprite which is a copper(I)oxide mineral, malachite and azurite which are copper carbonates, as well as chalcocite and chalcopyrite which are copper sulphides (McLemore Mullen, 2004). These various copper-bearing minerals and their distinctive copper percentages are shown in Figure 1. It is argued that the distribution of Cu and Zinc (Zn) are quite similar to that of Pb (Lead) (Franklin, Gibson, Jonasson, Galley, 2005), however, further studies show that this is majorly predominant in roadside soils (Bakirdere Yaman, 2008). In the current advancing world, recycling has proven to be a reliable alternate source of copper (Gomez, Guzman, Tilton, 2007). Another key source of copper is skarns, which form by hydrothermal fluid reactions in high temperature igneous environments, usually above 2500C (Hammarstrom, 2002).      Ã‚   Figure 1. Various copper-bearing minerals and their copper percentages (Emsley, 2011). 2.1 EXTRACTION Copper is normally extracted or mined in the form of copper sulphides in 0.4 -1.0% Cu-containing porphyry copper deposits from massive open pit mines (Melchiorre Enders, 2003), as shown in Appendix A-1. Various mining sites of copper around the world include the USA which has the El Chino Mine in New Mexico and the Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, as well as Chuquicamata in Chile (Crowson, 2012). In 2005, the British Geological Survey highlighted that Chile produced about one-third of the worlds copper, making them the top copper producer globally in front of USA, Indonesia and Peru respectively (Nishiyama, 2005) as seen in Appendix A-2. An in-situ heap leaching process is one feasible technique for copper recovery, as most sites in Arizona have implemented this technique with recorded successes (Dreisinger, 2006). Since the inception of copper extraction for thousands of years, the last two decades have accounted for more than half of copper extraction (Martinez-Alier, 2001). It is pro posed that over 1014 tons of copper exists in the Earth crusts top kilometre which could last up to 5 million years based on current extraction rates. Nonetheless, the extraction of these vast reserves of copper is limited by current technologies and prices, making only a little portion of it to be economically feasible to exploit (Camus Dilles, 2001). 2.2 PROCESSING It is typical for the ore in mining operations to be concentrated, thereby making the processing methods to be dependent on the nature of the ore (Sadowski, Jazdzyk, Karas, 2003). Ores like chalcopyrite which are sulphide copper minerals are usually crushed and ground to release the important minerals from the waste, and then beneficiated using mineral flotation (Peng, Grano, Fornasiero, Ralston, 2003). The next process involves smelting the sulphide concentrates in furnaces to yield matte, which is then converted and refined to give anode copper before the last stage of electrolysis comes in (Biswas Davenport, 2013). Due to environmental and economic factors, there is always a reclamation of the by-products during the processing of copper, just like the turning of sulphur dioxide into sulphuric acid (Agrawal, Sahu, Pandey, 2004). Any copper ores which are oxidised during the refining process are treated through hydrometallurgical extraction (Biswas et al, 2013). A flowchart of t he extraction, processing and manufacturing is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. A flowchart illustrating copper extraction, processing and manufacturing (BGS, 2007). 2.3 PROPERTIES Copper is the 29th element on the periodic table in Group 11 with symbol Cu, and it is a ductile, malleable and soft metal that possesses high electrical (59.6106 S/m) and thermal conductivity (401 W/(m.K) (BGS, 2007). Native copper usually has a reddish-orange colour when exposed to air as shown in Figure 3. It has a face-centred cubic crystalline structure, with density of 8.96 g/cm3 at room temperature (Nà ºÃƒ ±ez Aguilar, 2013). This solid element has a boiling point of 2567 0C and melting point of 1083 0C (BGS, 2007). Copper reacts with oxygen when exposed to air to form a protective layer of copper-oxide, which prevents the metal from corrosion, unlike in iron (Fe) (Balamurugan Mehta, 2001). Various alloys of copper exist including brass (copper and zinc) and bronze (copper and tin), amongst many others (BGS, 2007). Figure 3. Native copper in its natural form (BGS, 2007). 2.4 USES 60% of copper is used for electrical wires and cables, 20% for plumbing and roofing, 15% for industrial equipment and 5% for use as alloys of bronze and brass (Ayres, Ayres, Rà ¥de, 2003) as seen in Figure 4 and Appendix A-3. It is also used as an antibiofouling agent to regulate plant and shellfish growth, and also has antimicrobial function as fungicides and nutritional supplements in the agricultural sector (Pelletier, Bonnet, Lemarchand, 2009). Its use also cuts across folk medicine for bracelets that relieve arthritis, as well as its use for compression clothing suggested to treat certain ailments (Richmond, 2008). It also serves as a wood preservative, musical instruments, especially the brass instruments like gongs and string instruments like guitars and pianos (Sachs, 2012). Its use is also predominant in the beverage industry for distilling spirits like whisky (Lu Gibb, 2008). Figure 4. Various uses of copper in different industries. Data from (CDA, 2016). 2.5 DISCARDING Copper could be recycled from its raw state and also from produced materials, and it ranks as the third most recycled metal behind iron and aluminium as seen in Figure 5 (Agrawal et al., 2004). About 80% of all globally extracted copper is still in use currently, probably because the recycling process is similar to the extraction process, only with the exception of few steps (Biswas et al, 2013). Scrap copper of high purity is melted in a furnace, and afterwards reduced and cast into ingots and billets; while those of lower purity are electroplated in sulphuric acid (BGS, 2007). Certain bacteria like Pseudomonas fluorescens and Chromobacterium violaceum aid in copper degradation (Faramarzi, Stagars, Pensini, Krebs, Brandl, 2004). Figure 5. Discarding of copper in recycling unit (Giordanos Recycling, 2012). 2.6 WASTE Slag wastes, as shown in Figure 6 are usually the by-products after copper refining processes, and the Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex in Iran produces over 370,000 tons of slag waste annually (Khorasanipour Esmaeilzadeh, 2016). These slag wastes are deemed to be multi-elemental contaminants with very high toxicity, and pose anthropogenic risks to the natural environments (Ashley, Lottermoser, Chubb, 2003). However, in weathering environments, their toxicity is somewhat reduced as low soluble glass compounds, oxides and silicates encapsulate them (Khorasanipour et al, 2016). These slags act as environmental contaminants through leaching and weathering processes of potentially toxic elements (Luo, Yu, Zhu, Li, 2012). It is suggested that 1 ton of copper could generate about 2.2 3 tons of slag waste, and worldwide copper slag production is about 24.6 million tons (Hammarstrom, 2002). However, smelting slag wastes serve as useful additives for abrasive, construction and building material s (BGS, 2007). Figure 6. A piece of copper slag waste (CDA, 2016). 2.7 POLLUTION Due to continuous increase in global copper production, more copper ends up in the environment as shown in Figure 7 (BGS, 2007). Wastewater that have copper have been deposited at the river banks while the air has also been polluted with copper through combusting fossil fuels (Luo et al., 2012). These copper held up in the air then fall back as rain, alongside dumped slag waste which then contaminate the soil (Wong, Li, Thornton, 2006). Some natural routes of copper pollution are sea spray, forest fires, decaying vegetation and wind-blown dust (Ashley et al., 2003). Human contributions include mining, as well as phosphate fertilizer, metal and wood production (Raufflet, Barin Cruz, Bres, 2014). Figure 7. Environmental effect of copper pollution (123RF, 2016). 2.8 TOXICITY Copper levels above 2.0 mg/l in drinking water is suggested to be lethal to humans as highlighted in Figure 8, however, this also depends on the source of contamination (Zietz et al., 2003). It could cause eye irritation, lung disease, dermatitis, upper respiratory tract infection, acute renal failure, liver damage and death in humans (Blanusa, et al, 2005). The oligodynamic effect poses toxicity to bacteria in even little levels of copper (Shrestha, et al, 2009). For aquatic species, it affects their nervous system, kidney, liver and gills, as well as their sense of smell which hinders their usual mating process (Kiaune Singhasemanon, 2011). Figure 8. Major symptoms of copper poisoning in the human body (Asian Metal, 2016). 2.9 STANDARDS There are several standards and specifications that are necessary for proper handling and exposure to copper (BGS, 2007). Amongst these are the Unified Numbering System (UNS), as well as ASTM Standard Designation for Wrought and Cast Copper and Copper Alloys (CDA, 2016). The permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 1 mg/m3 time-weighted average (TWA) for copper dusts is being set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which also tallies with the recommended exposure limit set by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (OSHA, 2016). However, the level that is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) is 100 mg/m3 TWA (Fthenakis, 2003). For copper fumes, the OSHA and NIOSH exposure limits are set at 0.1 mg/m3 TWA (Coble, Lees, Matanoski, 2001), however, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) sets their threshold limits at 0.2 mg/m3 TWA (Cohen Powers, 2000). Copper is normally a reddish-orange polycrystalline, ductile, malleable and soft metal with high electrical and thermal conductivity (Ayres et al., 2003). It could be extracted from various minerals, as well as skarn deposits, landfills, waste dumps and open pit mines (Emsley, 2011). The use of copper also spans across the electrical, architectural, plumbing, industrial, jewelry, agro-allied, microbiological, music and beverage industries (CDA, 2016). The major method through which copper could be discarded is deemed to be recycling, although certain bacteria aid in its mobilization (Agrawal et al., 2004). The processing of copper also involves several stages that cut across crushing, grinding, mineral flotation, smelting, conversion, refining and finally electrolysis (Peng et al., 2003). At the end of these processes, slag wastes are generated and have the potential to cause damage to the environment (Khorasanipour et al, 2016). It has also been found to be very toxic in humans and animals, causing damage to the liver, skin, lungs and kidney (Zietz et al., 2003). To this effect, OSHA and NIOSH are two of many other organizations that have set certain standards and exposure limits to curb its toxic effects (OSHA, 2016). After gaining an understanding of the environmental geochemistry of copper, it can be seen that its exploitation and mining remain very vital for daily activities in various sectors. However, the standards that have been set by OSHA and NIOSH should be taken into consideration to mitigate any environmental and health impacts that may be associated with its exposure. Furthermore, regions with very high copper reserves like Chile should also ensure that mine sites are effectively protected from having direct contact with the environment. References       123RF. (2016). Contaminated mine water pollution of a copper mine exploitation. Retrieved from https://www.123rf.com/photo_24914808_contaminated-mine-water-pollution-of-a-copper-mine-exploitation.html Agrawal, A., Sahu, K., Pandey, B. (2004). Solid waste management in non-ferrous industries in India. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 42(2), 99-120. Ashley, P. M., Lottermoser, B. G., Chubb, A. J. (2003). Environmental geochemistry of the Mt Perry copper mines area, SE Queensland, Australia. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 3(4), 345-357. https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/03-014 Ayres, R. U., Ayres, L. W., Rà ¥de, I. (2003). Copper: Demand and Disposition. In The Life Cycle of Copper, Its Co-Products and Byproducts (pp. 59-100). Springer. Bakirdere, S., Yaman, M. (2008). Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 136(1-3), 401-410. Balamurugan, B., Mehta, B. (2001). Optical and structural properties of nanocrystalline copper oxide thin films prepared by activated reactive evaporation. Thin Solid Films, 396(1), 90-96. BGS. (2007). Copper. Retrieved from www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/start.cfm?id=1410 Biswas, A. K., Davenport, W. G. (2013). Extractive Metallurgy of Copper: International Series on Materials Science and Technology (Vol. 20). Elsevier. Blanusa, M., Varnai, V. M., Piasek, M., Kostial, K. (2005). Chelators as antidotes of metal toxicity: therapeutic and experimental aspects. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 12(23), 2771-2794. Camus, F., Dilles, J. H. (2001). A special issue devoted to porphyry copper deposits of northern Chile. Economic Geology, 96(2), 233-237. CDA. (2016). Copper Applications. Retrieved from https://www.copper.org/applications/ Coble, J. B., Lees, P. S., Matanoski, G. (2001). Time trends in exposure measurements from OSHA compliance inspections of the pulp and paper industry. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 16(2), 263-270. Cohen, H. J., Powers, B. J. (2000). Particle size characterizations of copper and zinc oxide exposures of employees working in a nonferrous foundry using cascade impactors. AIHAJ-American Industrial Hygiene Association, 61(3), 422-430. Crowson, P. (2012). Some observations on copper yields and ore grades. Resources Policy, 37(1), 59-72. Dreisinger, D. (2006). Copper leaching from primary sulfides: Options for biological and chemical extraction of copper. Hydrometallurgy, 83(1), 10-20. Emsley, J. (2011). Natures building blocks: an AZ guide to the elements. Oxford University Press. Faramarzi, M. A., Stagars, M., Pensini, E., Krebs, W., Brandl, H. (2004). Metal solubilization from metal-containing solid materials by cyanogenic Chromobacterium violaceum. Journal of Biotechnology, 113(1), 321-326. Franklin, J. M., Gibson, H., Jonasson, I., Galley, A. (2005). Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, 98, 523-560. Fthenakis, V. M. (2003). Overview of potential hazards. Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics: Fundamentals and Applications, 2. Giordanos Recycling. (2012). New Jersey Non-Ferrous Metals Recycling Service. Retrieved from http://www.giordanosrecycling.com/non-ferrous-metals.php Gomez, F., Guzman, J. I., Tilton, J. E. (2007). Copper recycling and scrap availability. Resources Policy, 32(4), 183-190. Hammarstrom, J. M. (2002). Environmental geochemistry of skarn and polymetallic carbonate-replacement deposit models. Khorasanipour, M., Esmaeilzadeh, E. (2016). Environmental characterization of Sarcheshmeh Cu-smelting slag, Kerman, Iran: Application of geochemistry, mineralogy and single extraction methods. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 166, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.03.015 Kiaune, L., Singhasemanon, N. (2011). Pesticidal copper (I) oxide: environmental fate and aquatic toxicity. In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 213 (pp. 1-26). Springer. Lu, S., Gibb, S. W. (2008). Copper removal from wastewater using spent-grain as biosorbent. Bioresource Technology, 99(6), 1509-1517. Luo, X., Yu, S., Zhu, Y., Li, X. (2012). Trace metal contamination in urban soils of China. Science of The Total Environment, 421422, 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.020 Martinez-Alier, J. (2001). Mining conflicts, environmental justice, and valuation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 86(1), 153-170. McLemore, V. T., Mullen, K. E. (2004). Mineral resources in Taos County, New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook, 55, 383-390. Melchiorre, E. B., Enders, M. S. (2003). Stable isotope geochemistry of copper carbonates at the Northwest Extension Deposit, Morenci district, Arizona: implications for conditions of supergene oxidation and related mineralization. Economic Geology, 98(3), 607-621. Nishiyama, T. (2005). The roles of Asia and Chile in the world copper market. Resources Policy, 30(2), 131-139. Nà ºÃƒ ±ez Aguilar, C. (2013). Microstructure and properties of copper deformed by accumulative roll-bonding. OSHA. (2016). Copper dusts and mists (as Cu). Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_229300.html Pelletier, É., Bonnet, C., Lemarchand, K. (2009). Biofouling growth in cold estuarine waters and evaluation of some chitosan and copper anti-fouling paints. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10(7), 3209-3223. Peng, Y., Grano, S., Fornasiero, D., Ralston, J. (2003). Control of grinding conditions in the flotation of chalcopyrite and its separation from pyrite. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 69(1), 87-100. Raufflet, E., Barin Cruz, L., Bres, L. (2014). An assessment of corporate social responsibility practices in the mining and oil and gas industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 256-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.077 Richmond, S. J. (2008). Magnet therapy for the relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (CAMBRA): A randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial. Trials, 9(1), 1. Sachs, C. (2012). The history of musical instruments. Courier Corporation. Sadowski, Z., Jazdzyk, E., Karas, H. (2003). Bioleaching of copper ore flotation concentrates. Minerals Engineering, 16(1), 51-53. Shrestha, R., Joshi, D. R., Gopali, J., Piya, S. (2009). Oligodynamic action of silver, copper and brass on enteric bacteria isolated from water of Kathmandu Valley. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 10, 189-193. Wong, C. S. C., Li, X., Thornton, I. (2006). Urban environmental geochemistry of trace metals. Environmental Pollution, 142(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.09.004 Zietz, B. P., Dieter, H. H., Lakomek, M., Schneider, H., Keßler-Gaedtke, B., Dunkelberg, H. (2003). Epidemiological investigation on chronic copper toxicity to children exposed via the public drinking water supply. Science of the Total Environment, 302(1), 127-144. APPENDIX A-1. Types of Copper Deposits Source: (BGS, 2007) APPENDIX A-2. TOP COPPER PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD Source: (BGS, 2007) APPENDIX A-3. APPLICATION OF COPPER IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL SECTORS Source: (BGS, 2007)      

A Modern Day Sleeping Beauty

Once upon a time there lived a young couple who had found true love and were bound together by fate. His name was Brian and hers was Melody. They lived it the beautiful city of Anchorage, Alaska. Brian was a C-17 Pilot stationed at Elmendorf AFB and Melody a 1st grade teacher at local school. Melody was a beautiful sight; her body was athletic, her hair fell over her shoulders and was highlighted to the most beautiful blonde, her skin was flawless and her eyes were blue but not an ordinary blue; like a tropical ocean and they sparkled like the water when the sun hit it. Brian wasn’t so bad himself. He was what all girls dreamed prince charming to be. He was tall and worked out often; his muscles could be seen through his shirt, his hair was dark, his skin tan, and one could get lost in his piercing green eyes. Brian and Melody spent every chance they had together outside of their busy schedules. They went on evening walks together and early morning jogs. They sat on their front porch and watched the sun rise and set in the beautiful snow covered Mountains of Anchorage. Most weekends the couple would make time for dinner and a movie. Brian and Melody were made for each other. Even a stranger could clearly see the love they had for each other would never die. (Sight & Touch) It was a cold brisk night in late December; the weather had changed in a matter of hours. The wind rose with a backing wind, it brought a clouded sky and a heavy snowstorm with it. A pallor of winter evening seemed to have closed upon the city, cloaking it in a blanket of snow. Brian and Melody were returning home after eating dinner at the Olive Garden and watching the movie â€Å"The Black Swan†. They had enjoyed their night out at dinner and a movie. The aroma of garlic wafted through the air from the white styrofoam box filled with Sicilian Scampi and the delightful flavor of light buttery popcorn remained in their mouths as if they were still indulging on it. The weather brought the worst driving conditions; (Sight) everything around them seemed to disappear in a thick white haze through which large snowflakes of snow were flying; the sky merged with the earth. (Hear) The wind blew with freezing blasts and such force it howled around the car as it faded out the music playing over the radio. The vehicle swayed while Brian fought to regain the road that was now a snowdrift burying the yellow and white painted lines. The challenging road conditions were inviting collision as other cars overtook the wrong side of the road and had a complete disregard for speed limits. Brian deeply concentrated and felt comfortable driving his 4 wheel drive Rubicon in these conditions. Breaking his concentration; Melody frantically shouted, â€Å"Brian, that truck, he is in our lane†! Brian didn't have time to react, â€Å"Crash†. The airbags deployed while the jeep flipped end over end and slid on the white blanket of snow that was once the road. The jeep came to a stop landing on its roof, the windows were busted out and the headlights shinned directly at the truck that had hit them. The Ford F-150 sat upright sideways in the road. It took a moment for Brian to come to reality with what had just happened. He glanced over at his wife who still sat there restrained, unconscious and bleeding severely from her head. He could hear the sirens of an Ambulance and Fire Truck off in the distance. Before he knew it he and Melody were being rushed to the hospital in an Ambulance. Brian lay there in the back of an Ambulance suffering only minor injuries. Melody lay across from him. Time seemed to stand still while he watched the Paramedics try to revive his wife. He shouted at the Paramedics, â€Å"do something, do something! † â€Å"Please do something; please don’t let my wife die! † They arrived at the hospital in what seemed to take hours to Brian. The Paramedics were able to get Melody’s heart beating but she was still unconscious. Brian paced back and forth up and down the hospital halls as his wife underwent surgery. The Dr. finally came out and said, â€Å"I have good news and bad, your wife seems to be stable but she is in a coma that could be indefinite. † â€Å"Indefinite†, Brian shouted! The Dr. attempted to calm Brian and Explained, â€Å"I can't promise that she won't wake up but it may take a miracle. She could wake up tomorrow, she could wake up in a month or she could be a Modern day Sleeping Beauty†. The following months felt like years to Brian. Melody lay there in a deep sleep and Brian remained by her side. Brian would speak to her softly while clasping her hand or pinching er fingers; He would tell her he loved her and beg her to wake up. He played songs the couple had danced to from their wedding and read to her from her favorite books. Often Brian would run his hands through Melody’s long blonde hair admiring her beauty dreaming of a future they had planned. The Dr. ’s showed little hope that Melody would ever wake up but Brian never gave up believing. Six long Months had passed and summer had come. Brian was at his last wit and desperate. One late night Brian said a prayer for his wife as he did every night before. Then he leaned over her bedside and pleaded, â€Å"Melody if you can hear me, please just give me a kiss. † What happened next was beyond Brian’s wildest dreams. To his shock Melody responded; slowly she turned her head towards his, puckered up her lips and gave him the smallest kiss. At that moment fate was sealed tightly, bound by one simple kiss and they lived happily ever after. â€Å"You can’t stop fate; â€Å"Whatever will be, will be†. Life presents unavoidable risks. You can’t stop the fate of True Love; it is also unavoidable. True Love is worth believing in and True Love never dies.

The Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility On The Food...

Humans are born with the natural tendency to aid one another through mediums such as being proactive on social as well as ethical issues. When one compares this natural tendency to the industries of today, one see’s this voluntary behaviour in a deliberate and compelled act by most involved, which is truly known as Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is known to be the voluntary model that is not only used by many businesses, but industries themselves to self-regulate their active compliance with the law, ethical standards within their respective sectors alongside achieving their economical success. CSR initiatives may contain consumer’s welfare and providing them with true knowledge of products, animal welfare, employees welfare as well as reducing environmental impacts. 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Lipton Tea†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2.1 The Rainforest Alliance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............4-5 2.2 Threats and challenges†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6-7 2.3Best and Worst Practices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7-8 3. Concluding Remarks/ Suggestions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦8 1. 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The Secret to Effective Communication - 1283 Words

Every day people face challenges like getting and giving correct information to other people. Everyone tries to be excellent communicators, but sometimes people fail to receive the correct message. The term ‘communication’ originates from the Latin word communicare, which means to share or impart. Actually, communication is a process that engages at least two people between sender and receiver. Communication plays an important role in establishing ideas, needs and concerns later to start a common understanding between the sender and receiver. Few studies have been done on the topic of communication and prove that almost 70 to 80% of every individual’s time is spent on communication. According to Management Training Development (MTD) (2010), communication is defined as an â€Å"art and the process of creating and sharing ideas† (p. 9). There are four stages to ensure the communication process flows effectively: sender expresses the message, message is trans mitted through the medium, and the recipient interprets the message and recipient returns feedback to the sender (Finkelstein, 2002) (see Figure 1 in Appendix 1). The first stage in the communication process begins when the sender has an idea. Sender refers to the person who starts a communication. Sender first chooses the right type of message, which is the information that a sender wants to express. 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